4,272 research outputs found
On the Ways of Writing the History of the State
Foucault's governmentality lectures at the CollĂšge de France analyze the history of the state through the lens of governmental reason. However, these lectures largely omit consideration of the relationship between discipline and the state, prioritizing instead raison d'Ătat and liberalism as dominant state technologies. To remedy this omission, I turn to Foucault's early studies of discipline and argue that they provide materials for the reconstruction of a genealogy of the "disciplinary state." In reconstructing this genealogy, I demonstrate that the disciplinary state marks the "dark side" of the liberal state, a dark side which is, moreover, largely obscured in the governmentality lectures. I further construe the difference between this early genealogy of the state and the later governmental studies in methodological terms. At stake in this difference is the historiographic status of capitalism and social conflict. Foucault's governmentality lectures employ what I term an "idealist disavowal," thereby treating capitalism and social conflict as irrelevant to the history of the state. The early disciplinary studies, on the other hand, enact a "materialist avowal," by which these objects are avowed as central to the explanation of how and why the state develops. Finally, I argue that Foucault's governmental genealogy of the liberal state is explanatorily and analytically incomplete, while the genealogy of the disciplinary state contributes to its completion on both fronts
Moving Far From Far-From-Equilibrium: Opportunity Tension as the Driver of Emergence
Complexity scholars have identified two distinct drivers of emergence: (1) Far-from-equilibrium dynamics that trigger order creation, and (2) adaptive tension (McKelvey, 2004) which can push a system toward instability, leading to the emergence of new order. In this paper I suggest that both are true but incomplete. For example, when drawn out to the extreme, a far-fromequilibrium framework generates a contradiction by suggesting that the most dynamic organizations are the ones farthest-from-thermodynamic equilibrium â like Exxon or GE for example. Adaptive tension portrays the effect of a dynamic push without identifying the cause. I suggest âOpportunity Tensionâ as an alternative, which captures the entrepreneurial passion inherent in the drive for order creation and emergence. Opportunity Tension occurs in âpulses,â each cycle leading to a new dynamic state of the system. At a broader level, this model is captured by the notion of âdynamic disequiibriumâ (Chiles et al., in press), a construct that indeed moves us far from the issues raised in far-from-equilibrium approaches
A Scale-Free Theory of Emergence: Four Sequences of Emergence Within, Of, and Across Organizations
Emergence â the âcoming into beingâ of new processes, structures and entities â is a consequential phenomenon that management scholars have been exploring since Babbage (1832) described the emergence of a division of labor, and Weber (1947) explained the emergence of bureaucratic hierarchy. Emergence is important and unique not only because it occurs at multiple levels within and across organizations, but also because emergence is the process that creates new âlevelsâ of organizing (McKelvey & Lichtenstein, 2007)
Entrepreneurship as Emergence
Emergence is at the core of entrepreneurship research, which has explored the coming-intobeing of opportunities, new organizations, re-organizations, and new industries, agglomerations, and so on. Emergence is also at the theoretical core of complexity science, which is essentially dedicated to exploring how and why emergence happens in dynamic systems (like entrepreneurship). This exploration begins by defining Opportunity In-tension as a dynamic interplay of personal agency and perceived opportunity, which is a catalyst for entrepreneurial behavior. Then I propose two insights about emergence, based on recent research in complexity science. First, a process theory for emergence is presented, which integrates Gartnerâs model of âorganizingâ with the Dissipative Structures Theory of order creation. Second, a definition for emergence is derived, which leads to a surprising notion that emergence can occur in âdegreesâ (i.e. 1STâdegree emergence, 2NDâdegree emergence, and 3RDâdegree emergence). Through this approach I suggest that entrepreneurship incorporates a much broader range of phenomenon than may have been previously thought. In a sense, by claiming emergence as a foundation for entrepreneurship, both disciplines can find new ground for research and application
Adhesion and electronic structure of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride substrates
We investigate the adsorption of graphene sheets on h-BN substrates by means
of first-principles calculations in the framework of adiabatic connection
fluctuation-dissipation theory in the random phase approximation. We obtain
adhesion energies for different crystallographic stacking configurations and
show that the interlayer bonding is due to long-range van der Waals forces. The
interplay of elastic and adhesion energies is shown to lead to stacking
disorder and moir\'e structures. Band structure calculations reveal substrate
induced mass terms in graphene which change their sign with the stacking
configuration. The dispersion, absolute band gaps and the real space shape of
the low energy electronic states in the moir\'e structures are discussed. We
find that the absolute band gaps in the moir\'e structures are at least an
order of magnitude smaller than the maximum local values of the mass term. Our
results are in agreement with recent STM experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, revised and extended version, to appear in Phys.
Rev.
Orbital magnetic moment and extrinsic spin Hall effect for iron impurity in gold
We report electronic structure calculations of an iron impurity in gold host.
The spin, orbital and dipole magnetic moments were investigated using the
LDA+ correlated band theory. We show that the {\em
around-mean-field}-LDA+ reproduces the XMCD experimental data well and does
not lead to formation of a large orbital moment on the Fe atom. Furthermore,
exact diagonalization of the multi-orbital Anderson impurity model with the
full Coulomb interaction matrix and the spin-orbit coupling is performed in
order to estimate the spin Hall angle. The obtained value suggests that there is no giant extrinsic spin Hall effect due to
scattering on iron impurities in gold.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Development and validation of the crew-station system-integration research facility
The various issues associated with the use of integrated flight management systems in aircraft were discussed. To address these issues a fixed base integrated flight research (IFR) simulation of a helicopter was developed to support experiments that contribute to the understanding of design criteria for rotorcraft cockpits incorporating advanced integrated flight management systems. A validation experiment was conducted that demonstrates the main features of the facility and the capability to conduct crew/system integration research
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